It is only fitting that I should be here again today, for my final public presentation before I retire.In early 1994, Canada's economic situation was not that favourable—our economy was facing some rather serious problems.
Low interest rates have also encouraged households to buy houses, cars, and other major consumer goods—purchases they had tended to postpone earlier in the decade.I have left a detailed discussion of the role of monetary policy (and of the Bank of Canada) for last.To explain the role of monetary policy through the 1990s, I need to go back to the 1970s and 1980s. Many of the most prominent English Canadian historians from this period were economic historians, such as Harold Innis, Donald Creighton and Arthur R. M. Lower. They look at the extraordinary performance of the U.S. economy through much of the past decade, and Canada's record looks lacklustre by comparison.But I believe that there are considerable grounds for optimism. Moreover, net public debt as a ratio of GDP fell from close to 104 per cent in the fiscal year 1995/96 to an estimated 80 per cent in 1999/2000. Areas affected included Please expand the article to include this information. This has, no doubt, been an important factor behind the surge in business investment in Canada since 1996, which is so important if we are to take advantage of new technology and enhance our ability to compete internationally.
I see no reason why Canada cannot benefit from a process similar to the one that has been at work in the United States. By the late 1980s, inflation pressures were on the rise again.In Canada, those pressures, and the fears of ongoing inflation that had been undermining our economic performance, finally eased after the successful implementation of the inflation-reduction targets adopted in February 1991. That is some adjustment!This fiscal restructuring, although essential, was difficult and disruptive. In the United States, the investment in equipment and technology, which had begun early in the 1990s, started paying off around 1996, with rather impressive gains in productivity. … And we are now seeing encouraging signs of a productivity payoff from the restructuring of the past decade—a payoff which, if sustained, would provide the basis for rising standards of living for all Canadians in the future.Some of you may wonder if this conclusion is not overly optimistic in the face of a slowing U.S. economy. Take a central role at the Bank of Canada with our current opportunities and scholarships.Learn how the selection process for the portrait subject of the $5 note will unfold.Find out what removing legal tender status means and which bank notes are affected.Browse and filter Bank of Canada publications by author, JEL code, topic and content type.The Bank expects a sharp rebound in economic activity in the reopening phase of the recovery, followed by a more prolonged recuperation phase.Understanding digital currencies and related financial technologies is an important part of our research agenda.Browse and filter Bank of Canada press content by topic, author, location and content type.These forecasts are provided to Governing Council in preparation for monetary policy decisions.
I say that primarily because of the improvements in our economic fundamentals that I have described.Indeed, good economic performance starts with a foundation of prudent economic policies. Further details may exist on the The Economic Cycle Research Institute, which considers additional indicators beyond GDP growth and employment, classifies the recession to have begun in March 1990 and ended in March 1992. I would also like to talk about the changes that have taken place in our economy over this period, and what these changes mean as we look ahead.Let me take you back to the early 1990s. In Canada, however, the relatively high inflation of the 1970s and 1980s had distracted Canadian firms: rather than focusing on product design and innovation, cost control, and productivity improvement, many of them had been looking for ways to take advantage of inflation. High inflation encourages speculation rather than productive investments.
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canadian economy 1990s