surface reconstruction notation

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Aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie. Reconstruction refers to a change in the two-dimensional structure of the surface layers, in addition to changes in the position of the entire layer. The preference for the 7×7 reconstruction is attributed to an optimal balance of charge transfer and stress, but the other DAS-type reconstructions can be obtained under conditions such as rapid quenching from the disordered 1×1 structure.The structure of the Au (100) surface is an interesting example of how a cubic structure can be reconstructed into a different symmetry, as well as the temperature dependence of a reconstruction. This makes intuitive sense, as a surface layer that experiences no forces from the open region can be expected to contract towards the bulk. This hexagonal phase is often referred to as a (28×5) structure, distorted and rotated by about 0.81° relative to the [011] crystal direction. This structure was gradually inferred from LEED and A number of similar DAS reconstructions have also been observed on Si (111) in non-equilibrium conditions in a (2n+1)×(2n+1) pattern, and include 3×3, 5×5 and 9×9 reconstructions. If $${\displaystyle a}$$ and $${\displaystyle b}$$ are the basic translation vectors of the two-dimensional structure in the bulk and $${\displaystyle a_{s}}$$ and $${\displaystyle b_{s}}$$ are the basic translation vectors of the superstructure or reconstructed plane, then the relationship between the two sets of vectors can be described by the following equations: The observed reconstruction is a 2×1 periodicity, explained by the formation of dimers, which consist of paired surface atoms, decreasing the number of dangling bonds by a factor of two.

Often this is a purely normal relaxation: that is, the surface atoms move in a direction normal to the surface plane, usually resulting in a smaller-than-usual inter-layer spacing. Cleavage along the (111) surface at low-temperatures results in another 2×1 reconstruction, differing from the (100) surface by forming long pi-bonded chains in the first and second surface layers.
This is most noticeable for the atoms at or near the surface plane, as they now only experience inter-atomic forces from one direction. This makes intuitive sense, as a surface layer that experiences no forces from the open region can be expected to contract towards the bulk. A very well known example of surface reconstruction occurs in When Si is cleaved along the (100) surface, the ideal diamond-like structure is interrupted and results in a 1×1 square array of surface Si atoms. What we do. This structure was gradually inferred from LEED and A number of similar DAS reconstructions have also been observed on Si (111) in non-equilibrium conditions in a (2n+1)×(2n+1) pattern, and include 3×3, 5×5 and 9×9 reconstructions. A method based on the idea of divide and conquer approaches is proposed. Each of these has two dangling bonds remaining from the diamond structure, creating a surface that can obviously be reconstructed into a lower-energy structure. In an ideal infinite crystal, the equilibrium position of each individual atom is determined by the forces exerted by all the other atoms in the crystal, resulting in a periodic structure. Note that this system does not describe any relaxation of the surface layers relative to the bulk inter-layer spacing, but only describes the change in the individual layer's structure. This is most noticeable for the atoms at or near the surface plane, as they now only experience inter-atomic forces from one direction. The general symmetry of a layer might also change, as in the case of the The relaxations and reconstructions considered above would describe the ideal case of The reconstruction of a surface with adsorption will depend on the following factors: These dimers reconstruct in rows with a high long-range order, resulting in a surface of The Si (111) structure, by comparison, exhibits a much more complex reconstruction. which describes the reconstruction of the (hkl) plane (given by its Determination of a material's surface reconstruction requires a measurement of the positions of the surface atoms that can be compared to a measurement of the bulk structure. Oberflächenrekonstruktion bezieht sich auf den Prozess , durch den Atomen an der Oberfläche eines Kristalls eine andere Struktur als die der Masse annehmen. If a surface is introduced to the surroundings by terminating the crystal along a given plane, then these forces are altered, changing the equilibrium positions of the remaining atoms. Surface reconstruction refers to the process by which atoms at the surface of a crystal assume a different structure than that of the bulk. Often this is a purely normal relaxation: that is, the surface atoms move in a direction normal to the surface plane, usually resulting in a smaller-than-usual inter-layer spacing. In addition, a disordered 1×1 structure is regained at temperatures above 850 °C, which can be converted back to the 7×7 reconstruction by slow cooling.

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