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Just like with the ISO file, it is also possible to verify the cryptographic signature of the .DIGESTS.asc file using gpg to make sure the checksums have not been tampered with: Now unpack the downloaded stage onto the system. With eselect locale list, the available targets are displayed: With eselect locale set the correct locale can be selected: Manually, this can still be accomplished through the /etc/env.d/02locale file: Setting the locale will avoid warnings and errors during kernel and software compilations later in the installation. As usual, the netmask can be written down as an IP address. First of all, welcome to Gentoo! Assuming that the network card is now detected, retry net-setup or pppoe-setup again (which should work now), but for the hardcore people we explain how to configure the network manually as well. For instance, GMT-8 is in fact GMT+8. After that I created a VM called gentoo in Virtualbox and Virtualbox autodetected the OS to be gentoo and took care of the rest. Quick Install; Platform-specific Installation Instructions. It is truly meant for broadcasting packets. The use of emerge-webrsync is recommended for those who are behind restrictive firewalls (it uses HTTP/FTP protocols for downloading the snapshot) and saves network bandwidth. This is important because if you do not test it before moving on it causes a lot of headache to figure out exactly what the issue is as it could be Xorg, the display manager, desktop environment, graphic drivers, etc causing display oriented issues if you just install everything at once and go on without testing first. This following step is necessary so the system can apply any updates or USE flag changes which have appeared since the stage3 was built and from any profile selection: USE is one of the most powerful variables Gentoo provides to its users. While not completely necessary it does make things easier, a display manager will provide a graphical login manager that will start your graphical environment along with any supplementary things you may want. It needs to be checked during boot, so we would write down: Some users don't want their /boot/ partition to be mounted automatically to improve their system's security. This is usually performed by pressing a keyboard key such as DEL, F1, F10, or ESC during the Power-On Self-test (POST) process. There are also FAQs on the Gentoo Forums. When prompted for the last sector, type +2M to create a partition 2 Mbyte in size: Now create a small boot partition. Exit the configuration and start the compilation process: When the kernel has finished compiling, copy the kernel image to /boot/. Several mailing lists are available to the community members who prefer to ask for support or feedback over email rather than create a user account on the forums or IRC. During the boot process the hardware is detected and the appropriate drivers are loaded. Sometimes an optional step can be followed. Let's take a good look at disk-oriented aspects of Gentoo Linux and Linux in general, including block devices, partitions, and Linux filesystems. Due to this small space, only four primary partitions are supported (for instance, /dev/sda1 to /dev/sda4). MBR uses 32-bit identifiers for the start sector and length of the partitions, and supports three partition types: primary, extended, and logical. The ESP must be a FAT variant (sometimes shown as vfat on Linux systems). Remember sys-boot/efibootmgr application is not a bootloader; it is a tool to interact with the UEFI firmware and update its settings, so that the Linux kernel that was previously installed can be booted with additional options (if necessary), or to allow multiple boot entries. Several programs can be compiled with or without optional support for certain items. Be sure to read through the EFI stub kernel article before continuing. --xattrs-include='*. For me, LightDM has been great it ‘just works’ as it requires no set up or tinkering. To create the swap partition, type n to create a new partition, then p to tell fdisk to create a primary partition. If an initramfs is necessary, then change the configuration by referring to this initramfs file and telling the initramfs where the root device is located: If additional options need to be passed to the kernel, use an append statement. It is recommended to go with SDDM if you use KDE because they have integrated and blended it in nicely with the rest of the system, as another Display Manager may look out of place if you sort of thing is of concern. Your Desktop Environment choice impacts your Display Manager decision as well. This means users may have to load the appropriate kernel modules manually. The previous emerge-webrsync command will have installed a very recent snapshot (usually recent up to 24h) so this step is definitely optional. Don't forget to include support in the kernel for the network (Ethernet or wireless) cards. The following table lists the tools to install if a certain filesystem is used: If there is no need for any additional networking tools, continue immediately with the section on Configuring a bootloader. Such systems do not need to have additional (also known as secondary) bootloaders like GRUB2 in order to help boot the system. With the Linux kernel configured, system tools installed and configuration files edited, it is time to install the last important piece of a Linux installation: the boot loader. It is built on an ecosystem of free software and does not hide what is beneath the hood from its users. If not yet done, ensure that the installation media is inserted or plugged into the system, and reboot. There all available stage files are displayed (they might be stored within subdirectories named after the individual sub-architectures). Just navigate to the mirrors of choice and press Spacebar to select one or more mirrors. The latter means that, for instance, /mnt/gentoo/sys/ will actually be /sys/ (it is just a second entry point to the same filesystem) whereas /mnt/gentoo/proc/ is a new mount (instance so to speak) of the filesystem. In the examples below, the hostname tux is used within the domain homenetwork. Use the mount command, but don't forget to create the necessary mount directories for every partition created. To understand them all, read the GNU Online Manual(s) or the gcc info page (info gcc - only works on a working Linux system). Although the text then continues with a default choice (identified by "Default: " in the title), the other possibilities will be documented as well (marked by "Alternative: " in the title). Nothing is less true - after configuring a couple of kernels no-one even remembers that it was difficult ;). A fully commented example that covers many different configurations is available in /usr/share/doc/netifrc-*/net.example.bz2. Filesystem labels and UUIDs are identified by the LABEL and UUID prefix and can be viewed with the blkid command: Because of uniqueness, readers that are using an MBR-style partition table are recommended to use UUIDs over labels to define mountable volumes in /etc/fstab. If networking has been configured, the ifconfig command should list one or more network interfaces (besides lo). For amd64, we document how to configure either GRUB2 or LILO for BIOS based systems, and GRUB2 or efibootmgr for UEFI systems. To burn the ISO file on the CD in the /dev/sr0 device (this is the first CD device on the system - substitute with the right device file if necessary): Users that prefer a graphical user interface can use K3B, part of the kde-apps/k3b package. needed to establish a working systemd environment. We will use the kernel and initrd when configuring a boot loader later in this document. Edit /etc/lilo.conf, Then in order to install LILO on the MBR, invoke the lilo command. The following example uses sys-process/cronie: If dcron or fcron are used, an additional initialization command needs to be executed: In order to index the file system to provide faster file location capabilities, install sys-apps/mlocate. Without an initramfs, there is a huge risk that the system will not boot up properly as the tools that are responsible for mounting the file systems need information that resides on those file systems. If in doubt: To build a kernel with Gentoo patches from source, type: System administrators who want to avoid compiling the kernel sources locally can instead use precompiled kernel images: Once the kernel is installed, the package manager will automatically upgrade it to newer versions. Once done, it is now time to set the system-wide locale settings. *') are used. Boot form Live CD/DVD. Those who desire their systems to be capable of easily switching profiles should download the multilib tarball option for their respective processor architecture. 2018.8.28 2020.10.19 guides 2458 12 mins. Gentoo is a robust, flexible, and excellently maintained distribution. Assure that you have ‘modules’ at the boot level by doing the following command. As a reminder, any feedback for this handbook should follow the guidelines detailed in the How do I improve the Handbook? Official Gentoo installation media includes the ntpd command (available through the net-misc/ntp package). Building almost anything on the Raspberry Pi takes a very, very long time - especially when there are a lot of dependencies involved.Fortunately, much of the heavy lifting work can be offloaded to a more powerful system (such as a another gentoo desktop/server) using crossdev and distcc (though this will only work for packages must compile c/c++). Another top quality choice worth considering is KDE. We recommend the use of net-misc/dhcpcd although many other DHCP clients are available through the Gentoo repository: More information on dhcpcd can be found in the dhcpcd article. After the stage file download completes, it is possible to verify the integrity and validate the contents of the stage tarball. The Handbook authors suggest using GPT whenever possible for Gentoo installations. On ext2, ext3 and ext4, this can be done using one of the following commands, respectively: This will generally quadruple the number of inodes for a given file system as its "bytes-per-inode" reduces from one every 16kB to one every 4kB. Another interesting article is the UTF-8 guide for very specific information to enable UTF-8 on the system. It is the layer between the user programs and the system hardware. This needs to be done to ensure that networking still works even after entering the new environment. The EFI system partition is not required when booting in BIOS/Legacy mode. This is often the case for network interfaces, especially wireless network interfaces. Disk partitions. The reason is that Microsoft Windows will boot in UEFI mode if it detects a GPT partition label. Through the .DIGESTS and .DIGESTS.asc files, the validity of the ISO file can be confirmed using the right set of tools. Now go to the kernel source directory and execute make menuconfig. Also the size of a partition is bounded by a much greater limit (almost 8 ZiB - yes, zebibytes). Sometime back, I did a post concerning a Debian offline install using DVD ISOs. Configuring the repository can be done in a few simple steps. The /etc/localtime file is used by the system C library to know the timezone the system is in. This is intended more as a command reference / list … The easiest way I found and is how I do it, is to add net.ifnames=0 to the kernel boot options which for me and using Lilo looks like so: If you are using GRUB it will be a little different, take a look here and the variable in question is “GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_"_which you can add “net.ifnames=0” to. The entire system cannot run out of free space if one defunct tool is continuously writing files to a partition or volume. The filesystems that need to be made available are: The /proc/ location will be mounted on /mnt/gentoo/proc/ whereas the other two are bind-mounted. The core around which all distributions are built is the Linux kernel. On some architectures (such as x86_64), these errors are not printed to dmesg, but to /dev/mcelog. To make sure that the new environment works properly, certain filesystems need to be made available there as well. It will configure and build the kernel automatically. This happens through the system logger. Fire up an editor (in this guide we use nano) to alter the optimization variables we will discuss hereafter. The list of keys is available on the signatures page. If the network doesn't work immediately, some installation media allow the user to use net-setup (for regular or wireless networks), pppoe-setup (for ADSL users) or pptp (for PPTP users). Includes @FREE, License agreements that try to take away your rights. Second, if a domain name is needed, set it in /etc/conf.d/net. install the android app "connectbot" (available via F-Droid) open a local connection named "privoxy" and close it again; hold long the "privoxy" connection to open the context menu and choose "edit host" insert as "automation"-task: sh /sdcard/privoxy.start (a newline is needed at the end) to start privoxy open the connection in connectbot With no additional configuration, GRUB2 gladly supports older BIOS ("pc") systems. Next select the exact processor type. A mis-configured clock may lead to strange results: base system files should be extracted with accurate time stamps. The ISO file needs to be burned on a CD to boot from, and in such a way that its content is burned on the CD, not just the file itself. If this is not the case, go to /boot/ and check the contents using the ls command. This will modify the display of the clock to local time. A stage3 tarball is an archive containing a profile specific minimal Gentoo environment. The fifth field is used by dump to determine if the partition needs to be dumped or not. Core packages, which are the same on all Gentoo installations, are installed. To optimize Gentoo, it is possible to set a couple of variables which impacts the behavior of Portage, Gentoo's officially supported package manager. Don't worry about DNS or domain names if the system uses DHCP for dynamic IP address allocation and network configuration. This is also recommended for solid state drive (SSD) users, who should also enable the discard mount option (ext4 and btrfs only for now) which makes the TRIM command work. -O3 is known to cause problems when used system-wide, so we recommend to stick to -O2. Skip the rest of this section and continue with Preparing the disks. The Gentoo Wiki has an excellent section on configuring the bootloader. For instance, if SCSI device support needs to be enabled, add doscsi as kernel option. For x86-based systems Gentoo recommends the sys-kernel/gentoo-sourcespackage. The following one is just an example: The MAKEOPTS variable defines how many parallel compilations should occur when installing a package. NOTE: There is full automated script available for Virtual Box here: https://gith… Distribution kernels default to a configuration supporting the majority of hardware but they can be customized via /etc/portage/savedconfig. Here the term emerge will be used to ask Portage to make the software package available to the system. The following table will help readers determine where to find a certain type of block device on the system: The block devices above represent an abstract interface to the disk. Only certain filesystems may be found found stable on the amd64 architecture - it is advised to read up on the filesystems and their support state before selecting a more experimental one for important partitions. To first verify the cryptographic signature, tools such as GPG4Win can be used. Another popular optimization flag is -pipe (use pipes rather than temporary files for communication between the various stages of compilation). I was using a 64bit version so I grabbed the ISO. The actual file name is insignificant to the loader. The instructions will inform the reader when this happens, both when the decision is made, and right before the optional step is described. Some tools are missing from the stage3 archive because several packages provide the same functionality. The proper boot loader has been installed and configured. Apart from the handbook, readers should also feel encouraged to explore other corners of the Gentoo wiki to find additional, community-provided documentation. If you are using wireless I would recommend installing NetworkManager with nm-appet as well, this way you have a easy graphical way to manage your wireless. In reality, such an IPv4 address consists of 32 bits (ones and zeros). Arch Linux; Debian GNU/Linux / Raspbian; Arista EOS Salt minion installation guide; Fedora; FreeBSD; Gentoo. Take special care with the keymap variable. Those interested should proceed to the next section. On smaller partitions, it is advised to increase the calculated number of inodes. The necessary system tools are installed. This document covers the installation using official Gentoo Installation media or, in certain cases, netbooting. After pressing p again, notice that an * is placed in the "Boot" column. This snapshot contains a collection of files that informs Portage about available software titles (for installation), which profiles the system administrator can select, package or profile specific news items, etc. Gentoo Linux amd64 Handbook: Installing Gentoo; Quick install guide; Virtualbox Guest; Getting the Right Media. The program can simply address the storage on the disk as a bunch of contiguous, randomly-accessible 4096-byte (4K) blocks. This host is called the gateway. Gentoo Studio is an unofficial community project. It is not required but it definitely does make things easier. Finally, --numeric-owner is used to ensure that the user and group IDs of the files being extracted from the tarball will remain the same as Gentoo's release engineering team intended (even if adventurous users are not using official Gentoo installation media). For more information, consult the Prerequisites section of the GRUB2 article. The installation environment is prepared and the user is ready to. For instance, to set the date to October 3rd, 13:16 in the year 2016: Choosing a base tarball for the system can save a considerable amount of time later on in the installation process, specifically when it is time to choose a system profile. On amd64 systems, these are called partitions. Selecting a no-multilib tarball to be the base of the system provides a complete 64-bit operating system environment. If all of the above fails, the network will need to be configured manually. Regardless of which display manager you use the following is required so whichever display manager you use is launched during the boot process by the OpenRC init system. The /etc/fstab file uses a table-like syntax. To be able to reach this host by a name (instead of an IP address) we need a service that translates a name (such as dev.gentoo.org) to an IP address (such as 64.5.62.82). Most distributions compile their packages with support for as much as possible, increasing the size of the programs and startup time, not to mention an enormous amount of dependencies. The script I will share with you will save you time. This means you’ll be recompiling often through out the process, especially as you don’t want to do too much at one time since that will cause much more work debugging which option is causing trouble. Type d to delete a partition.
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